Berezovsky fortified settlement

Not far from the Novye Yeltsy estate there is another amazing place of Lake Seliger - Zaluchye. Here they say: "Who was not in Zaluchye, that Seliger did not see." The terrain around is hilly. There are not many fields. Somewhere, far away on the horizon, the gentle hills, stirring in a transparent haze, swept up to Seliger, descended to the very water and froze, filled with lake coolness. It seems that along the way they lost all the boulders and stones that remained lying everywhere - in the grass, under the moss, in the roots of the trees. Among the stones come across round small pebbles, which the locals stubbornly consider stone pellets. A high hill rises from the meadow, spread out by a triangle at the very shore, - Berezovskoye ancient settlement that arose in the 8th century BC. e.

(www.ostashkov.net)

 

Berezovskoe ancient settlement from the south-eastern side is surrounded by floodplain meadows. The water level in Seliger was much higher in the last century, and the bay was in place of the meadows. In the surrounding villages there is a legend about how a landowner drowned along with a troika of horses in the bay. Sometimes called the name of the landowner - Martha Posadnitsa. However, Marfa Posadnitsa, or Martha Boretskaya, has nothing to do with the mythical landowner, but mention of her name in legends is not accidental. The Berezovsky fortress belonged to Boretsky until the annexation of Novgorod by Ivan III to the Moscow principality in 1478. Resolute in her actions and actions, extraordinarily energetic and wayward Martha played a prominent role in the opposition of the Novgorod boyars to the Moscow principality. After the death of her husband, the Novgorod posadnik Isaak Andreevich, in the hands of Boretsky concentrated untold wealth. More than three hundred villages, from Seliger to the coast of the White Sea, were listed for her. Only 67 villages were "dragging" Berezovsky's fiefdom, the largest among other feudal possessions of the Novgorod boyars. In an effort to preserve independence from Moscow and fearing for their possessions, Marfa Boretskaya along with her sons Dmitry and Fyodor led the opposition of the tops of the Novgorod feudal lords. The house of Martha became the center of anti-Moscow intrigues. In 1471, the boyars made a secret agreement with the Polish king Casimir IV. Under the treaty, the Novgorod Republic practically withdrew to the Polish-Lithuanian principality. In Novgorod came the Lithuanian governor, Prince Michael Olelkovich, who was to become the husband of Martha Boretskaya. All these actions accelerated the appearance of the Moscow army. July 14, 1471 on the river Sheloni Novgorodians were defeated, the son of Marfa Posadnitsa - Dmitry - executed among six leaders, and in 1478, after the final accession of the Novgorod Republic to Moscow, Boretsky was taken to a monastery in Nizhny Novgorod, where they were forcibly tonsured into nuns. Possessions of its great Prince Ivan III took over. It is not excluded that it was the claims of the Moscow principality to the Novgorod, the constant danger from Lithuania and Tver that made Berezovets reinforce in the XIV century - an important transit point at the crossroads from the south to the north and from Novgorod to the west, to Lithuania. A shaft of clay and sand was poured around the perimeter of the hill, overlooking it with large boulders. The shaft was fastened with logs. Above, probably, passed the dignity with the watchtowers. On a small site, at the entrance to the Berezovsky fortress, it was possible to find a wide strip of stones, apparently the remains of an ancient pavement. On the hillfort, as the documents say, stood the "Church of the Nativity of the Priests and the Great Court". Below on the plateau was the village Berezovsky Pogost, extending to the modern village of Berezovsky row.

 

During the Great Patriotic War the full Georgievsky cavalier of the First World War, the hero of the storming of Spassk and Volochaevka, the commander of the Blucher Army regiment, Major-General Ivan Pavlovich Shevchuk (1892-1942) was buried at the Bereza settlement. Above his grave there is a modest monument-obelisk.

 

Near the Beryezovsky fortress there lies, stretched horn in the bay, the peninsula of Bolshoy Kosar, and very close - a tiny, overgrown with curly trees islet Barashok. On the opposite bank of the stretch you can see a birch grove. In the very depths of it you can see the low, regular form of mounds - this is an ancient burial ground.



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57° 18' 21.6468" N 32° 47' 18.402" E